Chapter 3

cWofo 3

cgÚ;Gwfg lalw(Research methods)

3=1 cWoog If]q %gf}^sf] cf}lrTo(Selection of study Area and its Relional)

o; cWoogdf jfudtL c¾rn sf&df)*f} lhNnfsf] kmÚ^úé ufp~ ljsf; ;ldltdf a;f]jf; ug]{ ;fls{x?sf] cfly{s l:lyltsf] laifodf cWoog ul//Psf] %. o; cWoogdf kmÚ^Úé ufp~ lasf; ;ldltsf] klg ;fsL{ hflt a;f]jf; u/]sf j*f g+= 9 nfO{ cWoog If]qsf] ?kdf %gf}^ ul/Psf] %. o;/L pSQ lhNnfsf] klg kmÚ^Úé uf=la=;= nfO{ / pSQ uf=la=; df /x]sf cGo hfltx? afx]s ;fls{ hfltx?nfO{ cWoogsf] laifo %gf}^ ubf{ c;dfGotf gdúgf %gf}^ k@tL (Non- probability sampling) %g}^ k@lt cGt/ut kg{] pb]Zo kú)f{gdúgf %g}^ (purposive sampling) sf] cfwf/df %gf}^ ul/Psf] % . o;sf] ;fy} ;fls{ hfltsf]g} cWoog ugÚ{kg]{ lgDg sf/)fx? %g\.

v kmÚ^Úé uf=la=;= df c%Út, plTkl*t / blnthflt dflgg] ;fls{, bdfO{ / sfdLx? a;f]jf; ul//x]sf ePtf klg ;fls{ hfltsf axÚdÚNotf /x]sf] xÚgfn] tyf o; hftx?sf] af/]df cfh;Dd cWoog cgÚ;Gwfg gxÚgÚ.

v cWoog stf{ kmÚ^Úé uf=la=;= sf ;fls{x?sf cfly{s cj:yf ;+u laif]z kl/lrt xÚgÚ.

3=2= cgÚ;Gwfg (frf~(Reserch method)

kmÚtÚé uf=la=;= sf] j*f g+= 9 df /x]sf ;fsL{ hfltx?sf] hLjgj:yfsf] cWoog ?k b]zL Pj+ lab]zL sÚg} klg ;dfhzf:qLn] u/]sf] b]lvb}g. t;y{ of] zf]w vf]h duns j)f{gfTds cgÚ;Gwfg (frf~sf] cfwf/df ul/Psf] %. o; cWoogn] ;fsL{x?sf] klxrfg u/fpb}~ hflto lae]b %Újf%Útn] pgLx?sf] hLjgj:yfdf k/]sf] c;/ tyf k/Dk/fut k];f / Gogú cfon] cfly{s lhjgdf k/]sf] k|efjsf] cWoog ug{ j)f{fTds cgÚ;Gwfg (f~rf (Descpitive Research desing) ckgfO{Psf] %. h;df ;fls{ hfltx? k|lt ul/g] ;fdflhs lje]b, %Újf%Út, dÚNodfGotf, cfr/)f, hg;+vof, wd{ kfl/jl/s agfj^, zf}lIfs l:lylt dlxnfsf] l:ylt lhjgrs| h:tf ;fdflhs kIfx?sf] / k]zf ,Joj;foaf^ xÚg] cfDbfgL vr{ h:tf cfly{s kIfx?sf] ;+VofTds tflnsf@f/f klg k|:^ ul/Psf] %.

3=3= cWoogsf] If]q %gf}^ (Selection of study area)

kmÚ^úé uf=la=;=df a;f]jf; ug]{ ;fls{ hfltx? w]/} %\g\ t/ o; cWoogdf kmÚ^Úé uf=la=;= leq ljleGg hfltx? j*f g+= 1, 3 / 9 /x]sf] kfO{G%. To; dWw] klg (Random sampling) sf] cfwf/df j*f g+=9 df /x]sf ;DkÚ)f{ ;fsL{ hfltsf 30 #/ kl/jf/ sf 180 hgf kl/jf/ ;+Vof /x]sf %g\. o; cWoogdf j*f g+= 9 df /x]sf ;fsL{ hfltsf dfq #/dÚlnx?nfO{ pQ/bftfsf] ?kdf lnP/ o; cWoognfO{ kú)f{tf lbPsf] %.

Tfflnsf g+= 9

%gf}^ ul/Psf #/dÚnLx?sf] ljj/)f

j*f g+=	hDdf #/dÚnLsf] ;+Vof	k|ltzt
9	30	100
hDdf	30	100

3=4= tYof° k|s[lt tyf ;|f]t(Nature and Source of Data)

hghflto cWoogsf nflu ;+Voftds / uÚ)fTds bÚj} lsl;dsf tYof°sf] cfjZostf kg]{ xÚgfn] o; cWoog laj/)fdf klg bÚj} lsl;dsf] tYof°x?sf] k|of]u ul/Psf] %. o; zf]wsfo{sf] s|ddf k|otYof°x? l@lto ;f|]taf^ klg ;+sng ul/Psf] %. To:t}ul/ ;fsL{ hfltsf] cfly{s kIfnfO{ b]vfpg] vfnsf tYof°x? kúj{ k|sfl;t kÚ:ts kqklqsf, ;f]wkqsf] ;fotfaf^ lnO{Psf] %. k|fylds tYof° ;+sng ug{ laz]if ul/ k|ZgfjnL cGtjftf{ / ;fwf/)f cjnf]sg k@lt ckgfO{Psf] %.

3=4= tYof° ;+sngsf] k|lalw(Methods of Data Collection)

o; cWoogdf laljw tYof° ;+sng lalwx? ckgfP/ ul/Psf] %. uÚ)ffTds / ;+VofTds tYof° ;fotfjf^ g} cgÚ;Gwfg pknlAw xÚg ;Sg] xÚbf o; zf]wkq cGt/jftf{ ;Úlr / ;fwf/)f cjnf]sg h:tf tYof° ;+sng k@tL ckgfO{Psf] %.

3=5=1= cGt/jftf{ ;Úlr(Interview Schedule)

o; cWoogdf ;fwh/)f cjnf]sg k@lt / cGt/jftf{ @f/f k|Kt xÚg g;Sg] vfnsf tYof°x? ;+sng ug{ cGt/jftf{ ;Úlrsf] k|of]u ul/Psf] %. pSt ;Úlrdf plgx?sf] hjfkm e/]/ ;f]sf] cfwf/df k|fKt tYof°x?sf] laZn]if)f ul/Psf] %. cGt/jftf{ ;úlrx? vÚnf k|sf/sf lyP. o; k@ltdf hg;+Vof laj/)f, lzIff, cfly{s ls|ofsnfk, cfDbfgL, vr{, k];f h:tf ;+VofTds tYof°x? cWoogsf pb]Zo;+u} ;DjlGwt kIfx? ;d]l^g]

vfnsf b]Vg g;lsg] vfnsf tYof°x? ;+sng ul/Psf] %.

3=5=2= dÚVo hfgsf/L bftfx?(Key Informant)

o; cWoogdf cGt/jftf{ dfkm{t ;fsL{ hfltsf] ;fdflhs / cfly{s kIfsf] af/]df dÚVo tYof°x? ;+sng ul/Psf] %. cGt/jftf{ dÚVou/L ;fsL{ hfltsf 4 hfgf aÚ(fkfsf JolStx?sf ;+usf] ;xof]u k|fKt ePsf] %. o;hflt k|lt ;dfhdf s:tf] efjgf /fVb%g\

3=5=3= ;fwf/)f cjnf]sg(General observation)

o; cWoogsf] s|ddf ;fwf/)f cjnf]sg k@ltaf^ o; hfltsf vfg`kfg njfO{`vjfO{ w/sf] agfj^ h:tf k|ToIf cjnf]sg ;d]t ul/Psf] %. o; cWoogdf c;xeflu cjnf]sg lalw klg ckgfO{Psf] lyof].

3=5=4 cgf}krfl/s cGt/jftf{(Informal interview)

cgf}krfl/s %nkmn / cGt/jftf{x? cfof]hgf ul/ o:tf hfgsf/Lx?nfO{ l^kf]^ ul/ pkoúSt :yfgdf ;d]t k|of]u ug]{ k|oTg ul/Psf] % / To:tf cGt/jftf{x? laleGg pd]/ ;dúx / JoSltx?df lnO{Psf] %.

3=6= tYof° laZn]if)f(Anaiysis of Data)

laleGg k|sf/sf tYof° ;+sngs ul/;s]kl% pSt k|fKt tYof°x?nfO{ laZn]if)f ubf{ ;+VofTds / uÚ)ffTds k@lt ckgfO{ tYof°nfO{ ;fdfGo tflnsfs/)f ul/Psf] %. To;}nfO{ ;+Vof, k|ltzt / cf};tsf] cfwf/df laZn]if)f ul/Psf] %.

3=7= cWoogsf] ;Ldf(Limitation of Data)

laljw sf/)fn] ubf{ of] cWoog ;Ldf/lxt aGg ;s]sf] %}g. o; cWoogsf nflu kmÚ^Úé uf=lj=; sf] %g}^ ul/Psf] ePtf klg pSQ ufp~ lasf; ;ldltsf] ljleGg j*fx?df a;f]af; ug]{ laljw hfltx?sf] cWoog gu/L o;cWoogn] laif]z u/L ;fsL{ a:tL ePdWo] Pp^f j*fnfO{ dfq ;d]^]sf] %. o; cWoogdf ;fsL{x?sf] hDdf -30_ tL; w/dúnLx?sf] dfq cWoog ul/Psf] %. o; cWoogn] g]kfne/L a;f]jf; ug]{ ;fsL{ hfltsf] af/]df k|ltlglwTj ug{ g;SgÚ o;sf] Pp^f ;Ldf xf]. ;fsL{ hfltsf] cfly{s cj:yfnfO{ dfq ;fd]n ul/Psf] xÚgfn] o;sf] kl/)ffdnfO{ cGo If]qsf] ;fsL{x?sf] cj:yf;~u bfHg ldNb}g To;}n] o;hftsf ePklg :yfg ;+u cWoog cgÚ;Gwfg ug{ ufxf] dxzÚ; xÚG%.